Monoid

A monoid is a semigroup with an identity element. More formally, given a set M and an operation +, we say that (M, +) is a monoid if it satisfies the following properties for any x, y, z ∈ M:

• Closure: x + y ∈ M
• Associativity: (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)
• Identity: There exists an e ∈ M such that e + x = x + e = x

We also say that M is a monoid under +.

Examples of Monoids

• The natural numbers N are monoids under addition
• N is a monoid under multiplication.
• Strings form a monoid under concatenation ("" is the identity element)

Documentation Help

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• Monoid.scala